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python · Python

The message

TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable

What it means

The value you tried to index with [...] is None. Something upstream returned None quietly: dict.get() on a missing key, a re.match that did not match, or a function with no return statement on the path that ran. Rather than guarding at the crash site, walk upstream and find why it is None — an if that skips over None just moves the same error to the next line.

The fix

There is no one-line command for this. The explanation says what to look at instead.

Printed by
python
Python
18

A Python traceback splits the answer in two — the last line says what went wrong, the frames above it say where — so reading only the last line gives you the name and loses the place, and for the value-is-missing errors such as NoneType and KeyError the cause almost always sits in a frame above the one that crashed.

Reading an error message

  • Read from the first line down. The lower you go the more it is about the tool’s internals; the cause is usually at the top.
  • If there is a file and a line number, start there — not the top stack frame, but the topmost line that names a file you wrote.
  • Search the message verbatim, but strip your own paths and variable names first; those are what stop the search from matching.
  • The same condition is worded differently across tool versions. If results look wrong, add the version number to the query.
  • Before pasting a fix, check what it throws away. Some of these cannot be undone.

Common questions

Q. What does “TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable” mean?

The value you tried to index with [...] is None. Something upstream returned None quietly: dict.get() on a missing key, a re.match that did not match, or a function with no return statement on the path that ran. Rather than guarding at the crash site, walk upstream and find why it is None — an if that skips over None just moves the same error to the next line.

Q. How do I fix it?

There is no one-line command. The explanation above says what to look at instead.

Q. Which tool prints this?

python. It sits under Python, and the message runs to 6 words.

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