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The message

! [rejected] main -> main (fetch first)

What it means

The remote branch holds commits your clone has never seen, so pushing now would not be a fast-forward. It happens when a colleague pushed first, or when you last fetched a long time ago. git pull --rebase origin main brings those commits in and replays yours on top, and then the push goes through. Never reach for --force here: the commits you would overwrite are someone else's and are not in your repository at all, so nothing local can bring them back.

The fix

git pull --rebase origin main
Printed by
git
Git
29

Almost every git error is a refusal that means "doing that from this state would lose something"; fatal: means git stopped without changing anything, and the hint: lines under the first line usually carry the actual remedy.

Reading an error message

  • Read from the first line down. The lower you go the more it is about the tool’s internals; the cause is usually at the top.
  • If there is a file and a line number, start there — not the top stack frame, but the topmost line that names a file you wrote.
  • Search the message verbatim, but strip your own paths and variable names first; those are what stop the search from matching.
  • The same condition is worded differently across tool versions. If results look wrong, add the version number to the query.
  • Before pasting a fix, check what it throws away. Some of these cannot be undone.

Common questions

Q. What does “! [rejected] main -> main (fetch first)” mean?

The remote branch holds commits your clone has never seen, so pushing now would not be a fast-forward. It happens when a colleague pushed first, or when you last fetched a long time ago. git pull --rebase origin main brings those commits in and replays yours on top, and then the push goes through. Never reach for --force here: the commits you would overwrite are someone else's and are not in your repository at all, so nothing local can bring them back.

Q. How do I fix it?

git pull --rebase origin main — before running it, check the explanation above for what this command discards.

Q. Which tool prints this?

git. It sits under Git, and the message runs to 7 words.

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