File permissions·744
744
rwxr--r--
-rwxr--r--

chmod 744 — the rwxr--r-- permission

744 is rwxr--r--. The owner gets rwx, and everyone else gets r.

Who can do what

Three rows for owner, group and others; three columns for read, write and execute. On a folder that last one means the right to go inside.

ReadWriteExecute
Owner7
Group4··
Others4··

On a folder the execute bit means going inside. With read but no execute you can list the names yet open nothing in it.

Symbolic
rwxr--r--
ls -l (file)
-rwxr--r--
ls -l (directory)
drwxr--r--
chmod symbolic form
chmod u=rwx,g=r,o=r
Command
chmod 744 <file>
Binary
111100100
Decimal
484
umask (directory)
033
umask (file)
Not reachable — new files never start with the execute bit

One digit away

How to read this

  • Read is 4, write 2, execute 1; add them for one digit. 7 is 4+2+1, 5 is 4+1.
  • The digits are owner, group, others, left to right.
  • umask is what gets taken away: from 777 for directories, from 666 for files.
  • Special bits (setuid 4000, setgid 2000, sticky 1000) add a fourth digit in front — /tmp is 1777.

Frequently asked questions

Q. What does chmod 744 mean?

It is rwxr--r--. ls -l shows a file as -rwxr--r-- and a directory as drwxr--r--.

Q. How is 744 written in rwx form?

It is the same as chmod u=rwx,g=r,o=r.

Q. What can other people do with 744?

They get r--.

Q. Which umask produces 744?

033 for directories. For files it cannot be reached by umask alone, since new files never carry the execute bit.