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Polar to Cartesian Coordinates

Polar coordinates say “how far, which way”. x is radius × cos(angle) and y is radius × sin(angle). It is how you plot points on a circle or position a robot arm.

Your numbers

x

8.1915

y

5.7358

Radians

0.6109

Formula

x = Radius r × cos Angle θ, y = Radius r × sin Angle θ

The angle is measured from the positive x-axis, counter-clockwise positive. Compass bearings use a different origin and direction.

What to enter

InputDefaultAccepted range
Radius rThe distance from the origin to the point.100 and up
Angle θ (°)The angle from the positive x-axis, counter-clockwise.35-360 ~ 360

Step by step

Formulax = Radius r × cos Angle θ, y = Radius r × sin Angle θ
With the default numbersx = 10 × cos 35, y = 10 × sin 35
Answerx = 8.1915

Quick reference table

Results when only Radius r changes and everything else stays put.

Radius rxyRadians
54.09582.86790.6109
7.56.14364.30180.6109
108.19155.73580.6109
1512.28738.60360.6109
2016.38311.47150.6109

What each result means

ResultAt default values
xThe horizontal position in Cartesian form.8.1915
yThe vertical position in Cartesian form.5.7358
RadiansAn angle in radians; a full turn is 2π.0.6109

Common mistakes

The angle is measured from the positive x-axis, counter-clockwise positive. Compass bearings use a different origin and direction.

Glossary

Radius r
The distance from the origin to the point.
Angle θ
The angle from the positive x-axis, counter-clockwise.
x
The horizontal position in Cartesian form.
y
The vertical position in Cartesian form.
Radians
An angle in radians; a full turn is 2π.

Frequently asked questions

Q. How is Polar to Cartesian Coordinates calculated?

x = Radius r × cos Angle θ, y = Radius r × sin Angle θ — Polar coordinates say “how far, which way”. x is radius × cos(angle) and y is radius × sin(angle). It is how you plot points on a circle or position a robot arm.

Q. Can you walk through an example?

With Radius r 10, Angle θ 35°, the answer is x 8.1915.

Q. What do I need to enter?

Enter Radius r, Angle θ. The result recalculates as you type, and an empty box counts as zero.

Q. How much does the answer move if I change a number?

Changing only Radius r moves the answer to Radius r 5 → x 4.0958 and Radius r 20 → x 16.383. The table below lays out five steps.

Q. How are the numbers rounded?

Money is shown to the nearest whole unit, percentages to one decimal place and everything else to two. What you see is rounded; the calculation itself carries the unrounded value forward.

Q. Anything to watch out for?

The angle is measured from the positive x-axis, counter-clockwise positive. Compass bearings use a different origin and direction.

Related calculators

Keep your length units consistent across inputs — mixing centimetres and metres throws results far off.